jerome



(No Model.)

S. B. JEROME.

HEATING DEVICE. No. 481,588. Patented July 8, 1890. v

WITNESSES; V TOR I I y I A TORNEY V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL B. JEROME, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

HEATING DEVICE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 431,588 dated. July 8, 1890. Application filed July 8, 1889- Serial No. 316,736. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, SAMUEL B. J EROME,-a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Devices, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in heating apparatus which is especially applicable to use in connection with railroad-cars and similar conveyances, and will therefore be illustrated in the drawings hereof as applied to a car. I do not, however, limit myself to such use of the invention, since it is applicable also to the heating'of buildings or parts of buildings, steamboats, &c., and in fact may be employed generally Wherever other similar heating devices are employed.

In the drawings the same reference-letters indicate the same parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 illustrates a longitudinal section of a car, showing my apparatus as applied thereto, a section of the heating-pipes and of the car being broken out near each end that the figure might be shortened. Fig. 2 illustrates a sectional view of the air-injector, whereby air is furnished to the burners and the burners themselves.

A is the car. B is the floor thereof.

0 is a reservoir, which contains any suitable burning gas under pressure, which is periodically charged therein.

D is a pipe leading from the gas-reservoir to the burner.

E are the burners. They are preferably jet-burners and are preferably arranged in circles or rows on the upper side of a chamber F, with which the gas-inlet pipe D connects.

D D are smoke-fines for the escape of the products of combustion and for draft. They are made throughthe inner and outer cases, hereinafter described, and may discharge under the car.

G G are two plates. They may be circular,

the space between the plates.

to a fiftieth of an inch, more or lessdepending upon circumstances, and the plates are attached in any preferred manner to the under side of the floor of the car, care being taken to prevent firing the car by reason of their heat byinterposin g suitable non-inflammable and preferably non-conducting material between them and the floor.

I is a casing or box, which incloses the chamber F and the plates G G.

J is a steam-pipe, which connects with the space between the plates G G, and K is an other steam-pipe, likewise connecting with These pipes constitute the heating system for the car, and they extend along the sides thereof under the seats in any preferred manner, as now well known. I prefer that there should be two separate sets of heating-pipes-one on each side of the car-each provided with its own reservoir, burners, heated plates, &c.; but there may be one system of pipes only, especially in structures other than cars, and, if preferred, more than one set of pipes may be supplied with steam from the same set of burners, heating-plates, &c.

L is an air-supply pipe. It extends upwardly through the bottom of the car, preferably opening under a seat or in some other place where it will be out of the way, and draws the air for the burners from the interior of the car.- Thus the entrance of dust into the chamber F and into the burners and combustion-chamber above the burners is prevented. The pipe L has a screen or strainer, preferably of wire-gauze M, over its upper end. It discharges into a space N above the upper plate G. Thus the air is heated by the radiation from the plates before going to the burners. This greatly increases their heating efliciency. It will be noticed that the pipe L not only supplies airto the burners, but it also draws the impure air from the car.

0 is a pipe which conducts the hot air from the chamber N to the air-injector N P is an exterior casing which surrounds the whole apparatus, including the injector.

Q is a rod which projects upwardly through the floor of the car and has its upper end squared, whereby it may be turned by a 'suit- ICO car. At its lower end it connects with a cock Q, which controls the admission of the gas from the reservoir to the burners.

R is a screw-plug, set in the pipe system at any convenient place. It is preferably adapted to be turned by the same key which operates the cock Q. Upon unscrewing it water may be introduced into the pipe system whenever desired.

S is a plug, set in the pipe K, having a small hole T through it. This hole extends through the upper plate G into the space between the plates G and G. The space between the outer case P and the inner case I is preferably filled with asbestus, mineral wool, or some other suitable non-conducting substance V.

The operation is as follows: A very small amount of water is put into the pipe system through the screw-plugR. This amount will be determined by the extent of the system of pipes, it being only sufficient to maintain the desired steam-circulation through the pipes. The gas is then admitted from the reservoir 0 into the chamber F by turning the cock Q, and it is lighted at the burners with electricity or by other suitable means now employed in similar structures. The flame heats the plates very hot, and the steam thus generated passes at first up both pipes J and K, but principally up the pipe J, because it affords more free passage for the steam, owing to the absence of the plug S, which is in the lower end of the other pipe. In this manner a circulation of the steam is generated through the pipe J and back again to the plates G and G through the pipe K. The pressure being low, the pipes are not so heated but that condensation takes place therein, the water from which fiows through the upper pipe, which is set at an angle for that purpose and collects on top of the plug S in the pipe K and passes in small quantities through the small opening T therein into the space between the plates G and G, where it is again at once converted into steam and again passed through the system of pipes. Thus a continuous circulation of the steam is secured.

It will be understood that the plug S may be omitted and that then the water of condensation will trickle down the side of the pipe K into the space between the plates G and G, and, if preferred, the central part of the pipes (marked X) may be made the highest point, and then, if the plugSbe omitted, the steam will pass upwardly through both pipes J and K and will abut against itself at or'near the part marked X, and then the water of condensation will flow back to the plates in both directions.

The construction of the ejector N and the burner and chamber F is shown in Fig. 2.

a is the end of the pipe D, which connects with the reservoir 0. It is made in the form ofa nozzle, as shown. The gas, being under pressure, blows through this nozzle with force and draws the heated air in at I), under a principle which is now well understood. Any other suitable form of injector may be employed.

I do not limit myself to the use of the airtube N and an injector, either or both, because the needful supply of air may be obtained in other ways. I prefer to use them, however, for the reason stated.

I wish it to be understood that one of the essential features of my invention is that the plates G and G are separated by a very narrow space only, and that they do not constitute a boiler in which any considerable body of water is to be retained in any sense. That methodi. 6., the employment of a steamboiler and suitable stcampipes-is well known in car-heating systems; but it is open to the following objections, which materially detract from its usefulness, i. 6.. First, a very considerable heat is required to convert the relatively large amount of water in the boiler to steam, and, second, the much more serious objection, that in the event of accident there is a large amount of scalding hot water, which is thrown into the car, endangering the lives of the passengers.

The special feature of my invention is that my plates G and G are set very close together, so that there is practically steamspace only between them, and there is no body of water resting between them at any time during use. They are therefore easily kept very hot by a relatively small fire, and the instant the drops of water of condensa tion strike them it flashes into steam. Therefore myapparatus requires not more than a cupful of water for its operation, and in the event of accident which fractures the steampipes there is a momentary puff of steam only and then all is over, there being no body of hot water to follow. This constructionI believe to be new with me, and I know it to be a material improvement in this art.

Having described my invention, I claim 1. The combination of a gas-reservoir, a pipe leading therefrom to a burner, plates, substantially as shown, separated from each other by a small steam-space only and located above the burner, steam-pipes connected with the space between the'plates, and means to supply air to the burner, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of a gas-reservoir, a pipe leading therefrom to a burner, an airinjeotor to supply air to the burner, va pipe connected with the interior of the car through which the air is supplied, plates, substantially as shown,'havin g a narrow steam-space only between them, and steam-pipes connecting with the space between the plates, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a gas-reservoir, a pipe leading therefrom to a burner, a pipe to supply air to the burner opening at one end within the car and atthe other into achamber heated by the plates, and means to convey the heated air to the burners, plates, substantially IIO as shown, separated from each other, and steam-pipes connected with the space between the plates, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a gas-reservoir, a pipe leading therefrom to a burner, plates, substantially as shown, separated by a space, and steam-pipes connected with the space between the plates, one of said pipes beingcontracted at or near its end therefor, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a gas-reservoir, a pipe leading from it to a burner, plates, substantially as shown, separated by a space, airinjector to supply air to the burners, and steam-pipes connected with the space between the plates, one of said pipes being contracted at or near its end therefor, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of a gas-reservoir, a pipe leading from it to a burner, plates, sub,- stantially as shown, separated by a narrow steam-space only therefor, steam-pipes connected with the space between the plates, airinjector to supply air to the burners, an interior case inclosing' the burner and the plates, and an exterior case inclosing the interior case and the injector, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of a gas-reservoir, a pipe leading from it to a burner, plates, substantially as shown, separated by a space, steam-pipes connected with the space between the plates, air-injector to supply air to the burner connected directly or indirectly with I an air-inlet pipe which draws air from the in terior of the car, an interior case which incloses the burners and the plates, and an exterior case inclosing the interior case and the injector, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination of a gas-reservoir, a pipe leading from it to a burner, plates, substantially "as shown, separated by a space, steam-pipes connected with the space between the plates, an air-inlet pipe connected with the interior of the car and discharging into a chamber heated by the radiation from the plates, means to convey the heated air to the burner, an interior case which incloses the burner and the plates, and an exterior case, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of a gas-reservoir, a pipe leading from'it to a burner, plates, substantially as shown, separated by a narrow steam-space only therefor, steam-pipes connected with the space between the plates, means to supply air to the burners, and an interior case inclosing the burner and the plates, and an exterior case, the'space between them being packed with non-conducting material, substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 2d day of July, A. D. 1889.

SAMUEL B. JEROME. 

